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This is a list of transcontinental former countries, i.e. countries which covered land on two or more continents, including islands associated with a continent other than the one where the country was based. The examples below are listed in chronological order with the number of continents covered in parentheses and the country's primary continent listed first. When a timespan is included, it is the time period in which the country was transcontinental. ==Pre-colonial empires straddling at least two continents== * Ancient Egyptian Empire (2) – Africa, Asia,〔http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/shepherd/mycenean_greece_orient.jpg〕 * Hyksos Empire (2) – Asia, Africa (circa 1648–1540 BC) * Phoenician Empire (3) – Asia, Europe, Africa (circa 1200–149 BC) *Qahtani Empire (2) – Asia, Africa * Kushite Empire (2) – Africa, Asia (occupied portions of Edom and Judah circa 901 BC) * Sabaean Empire (2) – Asia, Africa〔http://www.yementimes.com/article.shtml?i=765&p=culture&a=1〕 *Cimmerian Empire (2) – Europe, Asia (late 8th century BC) * Assyrian Empire (2) – Asia, Africa (671–612 BC) *Phocaean Empire (3) – Asia, Europe, Africa * Neo-Babylonian Empire (2) – Asia, Africa (567–539 BC) * Achaemenid Empire (3) – Asia, Europe, Africa * Carthaginian Empire (2) – Africa, Europe *Alexandrian Empire (3) – Europe, Asia, Africa (334–323 BC) *Ptolemaic Empire (3) – Africa, Asia ,〔http://www.unc.edu/awmc/downloads/aegyptusPtolSml.jpg〕 Europe (at its peak) () *Lysimachian Empire (2) – Europe, Asia (306–281 BC) *Seleucid Empire (2) – Asia, Europe (281 BC () and 196–191 BC ()) * Roman Empire (3) – Europe, Asia, Africa * Sarmatian Empire (2) – Europe, Asia * Aksumite Empire (2) – Africa, Asia〔 * Himyarite Empire (2) – Asia, Africa〔 * Palmyrene Empire (2) – Asia, Africa (AD 260–273) * Hunnic Empire (2) – Europe, Asia * Byzantine Empire (3) – Europe, Asia, Africa * Western Roman Empire (2) – Europe, Africa (395–476) * Vandal Empire (2) – Europe, Africa * Srivijaya Empire (3) – Asia, Oceania, Africa * Ostrogothic Empire (2) – Europe, Africa * Sabir Empire (2) – Europe, Asia * Sassanid Empire (3) – Asia, Africa, Europe (618–641) * Göktürk Empire (2) – Asia, Europe * Rashidun Caliphate (3) – Asia, Africa, Europe (639–661) * Alanian Empire (2) – Europe, Asia * Khazar Empire (2) – Europe, Asia〔()〕 * Umayyad Caliphate (3) – Asia, Africa, Europe (661–750) * Abbasid Caliphate (3) – Asia, Africa, Europe * Emirate of Córdoba (2) – Europe, Africa * Pecheneg Empire (2) – Europe, Asia * Sailendra Empire (2) – Asia, Oceania * Kingdom of Kakheti (2) – Asia, Europe * Abkhazian Empire (2) – Asia, Europe * Aghlabid Emirate (2) – Africa, Europe (827–909) * Tulunid Emirate (2) – Africa, Asia (877–904) * Sajid Emirate of Azerbaijan (2) – Asia, Europe * Fatimid Caliphate (3) – Africa, Asia , Europe () * Rus Empire (2) – Europe, Asia (at its peak during the Caspian expedition of 913) * Caliphate of Córdoba (2) – Europe, Africa * Ikhshidid Empire (2) – Africa, Asia (935–969) * Sallarid Emirate of Azerbaijan (2) – Asia, Europe * Kalbid Emirate of Sicily (2) – Europe, Africa〔 * Norwegian Empire (2) – Europe, North America (explored its Atlantic shores five centuries before Columbus) 〔http://www.zum.de/whkmla/histatlas/scandinavia/norwayexp.gif〕 * Georgian Empire (2) – Asia, Europe * Almoravid Empire (2) – Africa, Europe * Seljuq Empire (2) – Asia, Europe * Pisan Empire (3) – Europe, Asia, Africa () * Kediri Empire (2) – Asia, Oceania * Chola Empire (2) – Asia, Oceania (at its peak circa 1050) * Norman Empire (3) – Europe, Africa (), Asia () (1091–1144) * Medieval French Empire (3) – Europe, Asia ()(), Africa ()() * Kingdom of Sicily (2) – Europe, Africa * Almohad Empire (2) – Africa, Europe〔 * Kingdom of Jerusalem (2) – Asia, Africa (1164 and 1167) () * Ayyubid Caliphate (2) – Asia, Africa (1169–1250) * Lusignan Empire (2) – Europe, Asia ()() * Angevin Empire (3) – Europe, Asia (), Africa (1191–1194 () and 1266–1282 ()) * Shirvanshah Empire (2) – Asia, Europe * Hohenstaufen Empire (3) – Europe, Africa (1194–1266) (), Asia (1225–1268) () * Latin Empire (2) – Europe, Asia (1204–1261) *Venetian Empire (2) – Europe, Asia 〔http://www.zum.de/whkmla/histatlas/europe/eu1550.gif〕 *Second Bulgarian Empire (2) – Europe, Asia (at its peak) *Khwarezmian Empire (2) – Asia, Europe (at its peak)〔http://www.zum.de/whkmla/histatlas/centrasia/khwarizm1220.gif〕 *Mongol Empire (2) – Asia, Europe (largest empire of contiguous land ever) * Golden Horde Empire (2) – Europe, Asia * Empire of Nicaea (2) – Asia, Europe * Mamluk Empire (2) – Africa, Asia *Majapahit Empire (2) – Asia, Oceania 〔http://www.zum.de/whkmla/histatlas/asia/asia1500large.gif〕 *Ilkhanate Empire (2) – Asia, Europe (1255–1335)〔http://www.zum.de/whkmla/histatlas/centrasia/ilkhanate1300.gif〕 * Genoese Empire (2) – Europe, Asia *Aragonese Empire (2) – Europe, Africa () *Marinid Sultanate (2) – Africa, Europe (1294–1344) *Ottoman Empire (3) – Asia, Europe, Africa *Buginese Empire (2) – Oceania (including northern Australia,) Asia * Timurid Empire (2) – Asia, Europe〔()〕 *Nogai Horde Empire (2) – Asia, Europe〔http://www.zum.de/whkmla/histatlas/russia/goldenhorde1480.gif〕 *Castilian Empire (2) – Europe, Africa () *Kara Koyunlu Empire (2) – Asia, Europe 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of former transcontinental countries」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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